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Monday, August 22, 2011

Vitamin D and Pregnancy


Before you get pregnant, or upon becoming pregnant, blood tests are done to check for anemia, exposure to certain viruses, blood type and others.  Increasingly, doctors are now also testing a woman’s vitamin D level.   Vitamin D has been a hot topic in the medical world for a few years, but why and how is it affecting conception, pregnancy and the health of the newborn?  That is the question scientists have been working on for almost a decade now. Let’s start by understanding what vitamin D is.

Vitamin D is a misnomer.  This so-called vitamin is actually a hormone.  For those of you chemically inclined, the 4 carbon ring backbone of this molecule makes it more of a steroid hormone than a vitamin.  It is structurally similar to estrogen, testosterone, progesterone and all the steroid hormones.  Technically speaking, a vitamin is a catalyst to a reaction in the body, and a hormone is a chemical messenger that actually sends messages to cells that causes them to change.  There is  a distinct difference between the two, and vitamin D falls into the hormone category in its structure and function.

Because of its steroid structure and function, vitamin D plays an important role in  priming cells for other hormones to do their job properly.  This is why having enough vitamin D is so important for conception.  It's not just the most well known hormones estrogen or progesterone that need to be balanced and functioning optimally, but the second string players as well:  thyroid hormone, cortisol, dheas, testosterone and VITAMIN D too.  These need to be well balanced with each other in order for the miracle of ovulation and conception to occur.  

Having enough vitamin D circulating through your system can increase your chance of fertility whether you're struggling with poly cystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), lack of ovulation, or general fertility problems. This “hormone” also plays a role in male reproduction.  Both sperm motility and production are increased when levels of vitamin D are normal.  SO get your men tested too - as we all know it takes two to tango (so to speak).  

Once pregnant, the focus shifts to the developing fetus who is dependent on maternal vitamin D levels.  The placenta, which provides nutrition and oxygen to the growing fetus,  requires vitamin D to function.  In this study   the authors indicate that vitamin D may play a role in implantation of the pregnancy, normal placental development, and the development and prevention of eclampsia.  All imperative to a healthy, full term pregnancy

Some studies have also looked at childhood health as related vitamin D levels in utero.  Healthy maternal levels of vitamin D have  been shown to decrease the likelihood of wheezing in their children.   It is also implicated in the prevention of respiratory infections, type one diabetes and MS (multiple sclerosis).  

With all this information stacking up, it makes sense that vitamin D levels should be monitored pre conception and during the pregnancy.  It’s a simple test that your doctor can order or you can get an at-home finger stick test through the vitamin D council or ZRT Lab.